Demons of Urban Reform: Early European Witch Trials and Criminal Justice, 1430-1530 (Palgrave Historical Studies in Witchcraft and Magic)

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A case in point is the Mukuru SPA coalition of more than 40 organisations, which played a significant role in rationalising and customising solutions identified by residents of Nairobi’s informal settlement of Mukuru during community planning forums, to fit with official planning regulations. Another interesting initiative is the SLURC-curated multistakeholder City and Community Learning Platforms in Freetown, which aim to facilitate open dialogue among diverse community members and channel this at the city level, to leverage stakeholders’ support for community initiatives. The learning platforms played a significant role in building partnerships and aligning grassroots action with efforts of the government and NGOs, especially during the Covid-19 response. Women were expected to participate in the development of model market systems only as informed consumers. Branch complained in his lecture entitled "Practical Market Work for Women" that women had antagonized grocers and dealers with negative articles in the press about high food prices and questionable business practices. He argued that it was not their place to tell them how to run their businesses, any more than it was for grocers or dealers to tell women how to run their households. Women should mind "their own business" and start their reforms "at home." It was their duty to the cause of better markets to inspect food for quality and accuracy of weight and measure before buying. They should also refrain from the credit system, pay cash for their goods, and carry home their food to avoid the cost of delivery. 33 During COVID, we offered online services that have proven extremely popular; such as online exercise plans and videos,” explains Dean. USDA staff mounted the photographs on cardboard and labeled them on the reverse with location, photographer, subject, date, and a brief description of the purpose of the photograph. For a preliminary listing, see Charles E. Magoon, Photos at the Archives: A Descriptive Listing of 800 Historic Photographs on Food Marketing at the National Archives (1981). One of the Government’s stated aims in the white paper is to “improve pride in place in every area of the UK, with the gap between top performing and other areas narrowing”. Some of the white paper’s proposals relate to planning.

Ezana Haddis Weldeghebrael Thank you very much, Paul. Shalini, I’ll give you a chance to respond, you know how to sustain this cross-sectoral partnership, but I will add another question, which you can also respond together. This comes from Jennifer Houghton. I’m sorry for not pronouncing your name properly. How can coalitions respond to emerging issues that might perhaps be shifting from the initial focus of the coalitions? It relates with, you know, how to sustain a coalition, so, Shalini?

What next? The Levelling Up white paper 

George R. Goergens, photog., To Market! To Market, ca. 1924, 12 min., 35mm film, NNSM(m)-33.79, Records of the Extension Service, RG 33, NA. Some of these changes relate to permitted development rights (PDRs), under which development may take place under a general permission granted by Parliament without requiring an application to the LPA for planning permission. Other changes – introduced through the Town and Country Planning (Use Classes) (Amendment) (England) Regulations 2020 – create new some use classes and abolish some old ones. The Explanatory Memorandum to these Regulations says that transitional provisions (retaining the effect of the PDRs based on use classes in place before these Regulations came into force) will apply until 31 July 2021, when new, revised PDRs for change of use will be introduced. The Commons Library briefing Planning in England: Permitted development and change of use offers detailed analysis. And it’s built up a solid base of returning customers by changing its menu to a different theme every six weeks, taking inspiration from places, memories, literature and imagination.

The Government response said that it had heard concerns (including in Parliament) that the distribution of need was not right and that it wanted towns and cities to emerge from the Covid-19 pandemic renewed and strengthened (especially as the pandemic has changed the way people live, work and travel). The Government therefore confirmed that it would not be proceeding with the changes set out in the consultation. Even if planning reform and the resulting increase in construction meant house prices declined only to the average for rich countries, that would still entail much greater amounts of space, quality, and choice in where and how people in England live than they can afford today. However, if a comprehensive bill introducing flexible zoning is passed and implemented by local authorities within a Parliament, the full benefits will likely only begin to be felt in the years after as it will take time to build new homes and commercial buildings and for the market to adjust. Failing to do planning reform means though that the shortage of homes will continue indefinitely. All new homes to be ‘zero carbon ready’, with no new homes delivered under the new system needed to be retrofitted as we achieve our commitment to net zero carbon emissions by 2050Ezana Haddis Weldeghebrael Thank you very much, Shalini. We have two questions. One is from a colleague from The University of Manchester, Joe Ravetz, Future Cities lead at Manchester Urban Institute. The question is from Joe’s work on the global peri-urban, typically a zone of land conflict, local versus global, bypassing of communities and livelihoods. So Joe is asking you in this context of peri-urbanisation, how to start building wider knowledge coalitions in such a fragmented space. And the second is from Kenny Lynch from the University of Gloucestershire. Thank you for the great presentations. I wonder if any of the speakers could share any observations they may have on edge of city settings. Kenny’s interested in the edge of cities and how urban processes of fast growing cities bleed into the peri-urban areas, in line with Joe Ravetz’s question.