Hitler And His Generals: Military Conferences 1942–1945 from Stalingrad to Berlin

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Gilbert, Martin (1989). The Second World War: A Complete History. New York: Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-0-8050-0534-9. Two months later, the military changed its oath of service. In the new version, soldiers swore “unconditional obedience” to the Führer personally rather than to the German constitution. In 1935, in accordance with Nazi racial law, the military prohibited Jews from joining its ranks. Those already serving were dismissed. In 1938, Hitler assumed the title of supreme commander of the entire German military. All of these moves helped solidify the union between Hitler and his generals. Common Ground between the Military and the Nazi Leadership Kirchubel, Robert (2005). Operation Barbarossa 1941: Army Group North. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-857-1. They're going to invade with about 3 million men and they expect the total Soviet army to be roughly the same. Whereas in actual fact by Christmas 1941, German armies have captured three million Soviet soldiers and they're still fighting. Flooding was so bad that Guderian wrote: "The Balkans Campaign had been concluded with all the speed desired, and the troops there engaged which were now needed for Russia were withdrawn according to plan and very fast. But all the same there was a definite delay in the opening of our Russian Campaign. Furthermore we had had a very wet spring; the Bug and its tributaries were at flood level until well into May and the nearby ground was swampy and almost impassable." [111]

The military’s complicity extended not only to the generals and upper leadership but also to the rank and file. In addition, the war and genocidal policy were inextricably linked. The German army (or Heer) was the most complicit as a result of being on the ground in Germany’s eastern campaigns, but all branches participated. The Nazification of the German MilitaryGlantz, David (2002). Slaughterhouse: The Encyclopedia of the Eastern Front. Garden City, NY: The Military Book Club. ISBN 978-0-73943-128-3. Roberts, Geoffrey (2014). "Stalin's Wartime Vision of the Peace, 1939–1945". In Snyder, Timothy; Brandon, Ray (eds.). Stalin and Europe: Imitation and Domination, 1928–1953. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19994-558-0. Burleigh, Michael; Wippermann, Wolfgang (1991). The Racial State: Germany 1933–1945. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521398022. Wegner, Bernd (1990). "Der Krieg gegen die Sowjetunion 1942/43". In Boog, Horst; Rahn, Werner; Stumpf, Reinhard; Wegner, Bernd (eds.). Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg (in German). Vol.VI [Der globale Krieg: Die Ausweitung zum Weltkrieg und der Wechsel der Initiative 1941– 1943]. Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt. ISBN 978-3-42106-233-8.

Germany's allies, in total, provided a significant number of troops and material to the front. There were also numerous units under German command recruited in German-occupied Europe and sympathetic puppet or neutral states, including the Spanish Blue Division, the Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism, and the 369th Croatian Infantry Regiment. Glantz, David (2001). The Soviet-German War 1941–1945: Myths and Realities: A Survey Essay. A Paper Presented as the 20th Anniversary Distinguished Lecture at the Strom Thurmond Institute of Government and Public Affairs. Clemson University. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015. Hitler by now had lost faith in battles of encirclement as large numbers of Soviet soldiers had escaped the pincers. [249] He now believed he could defeat the Soviet state by economic means, depriving them of the industrial capacity to continue the war. That meant seizing the industrial centre of Kharkov, the Donbas and the oil fields of the Caucasus in the south and the speedy capture of Leningrad, a major centre of military production, in the north. [251] Halsall, Paul (ed.). "Modern History Sourcebook: The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 1939". Internet Modern History Sourcebook. Fordham University . Retrieved 20 April 2021. Askey, Nigel (2014). Operation Barbarossa: The Complete Organisational and Statistical Analysis, and Military Simulation. Vol.(II B). U.S.: Lulu Publishing. ISBN 978-1-31241-326-9.Kershaw, Ian (2001). Hitler, 1936–1945: Nemesis. New York; London: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-32252-1. Ueberschär, Gerd R. "The Involvement of Scandinavia in the Plans for Barbarossa". In Boog et al. 1998. Bradley, John; Buell, Thomas (2002). Why Was Barbarossa Delayed? The Second World War: Europe and the Mediterranean. Square One Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7570-0160-4.

Riché, Pierre (1993). The Carolingians: A Family Who Forged Europe. Translated by Michael Idomir Allen. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-81221-342-3. Another curious account of late days in the bunker came from Gerhard Herrgesell, one of Hitler’s stenographers, who told American interrogators that the exchange wasn’t one-sided. Frantic leadersKeitel and Alfred Jodl, the head of Germany’s armed forces operations staff, warned Hitler to leave Berlin. “I have killed many generals because they retreated,” Hitler said, according to Herrgesell ‘srecollection in an interview on April 14, 1948. “Therefore, I will not retreat myself. When I leave Berlin, everything is lost.” Browning, Christopher (2000). "Evidence for the Implementation of the Final Solution". Web Genocide Documentation Center – Resources on Genocide, War Crimes and Mass Killing. University of the West of England . Retrieved 1 October 2016.

2. Hermann Göring

Weinberg, Gerhard (2005). A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521618267. The early capture of Moscow would have had an undeniable psychological impact and may have been the tipping point. Guderian in particular believed that using the panzers in traditional encirclement battles played into Russian hands and gave them chances to bring forward fresh reserves. He had advocated an all-out drive on the capital. But when Hitler resumed the assault with Operation 'Typhoon' it was too late. The German Army was now fatally weakened, the weather had worsened and Soviet reinforcements had arrived. GERMAN INTELLIGENCE FAILURES Mosier, John (2006). Cross of Iron: The Rise and Fall of the German War Machine, 1918–1945. New York: Henry Holt & Co. ISBN 978-0-80507-577-9. The Germans begin the campaign by basically destroying the Soviet Air Force on the ground, they catch them by surprise the Soviet Air Force is basically destroyed. Which enables the German army to move freely across the battlefield, thrust deep into the Russian interior and encircle the frontier armies. Mawdsley, Evan (2003). "Crossing the Rubicon: Soviet Plans for Offensive War in 1940–1941". The International History Review. 25 (4): 818–865. doi: 10.1080/07075332.2003.9641015. ISSN 1618-4866. S2CID 154940593.

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (20 June 2014). "Nazi Persecution of Soviet Prisoners of War" . Retrieved 24 March 2015. Bartov, Omer (2001). The Eastern Front, 1941–45: German Troops and the Barbarisation of Warfare. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-94944-3.

Langerbein, Helmut (2003). Hitler's Death Squads: The Logic of Mass Murder. College Station: Texas A & M University Press. ISBN 978-1-58544-285-0. Beyond its role in assisting in and carrying out the direct murder of Jews and others, the German military employed and benefited from the theft of Jewish property and the use of forced labor at all levels. For example, in the winter of 1941, Jews across eastern Europe were forced to surrender their warm clothing to be used by unprepared German soldiers at the front. Also, hair shaved from Jews murdered in the killing centers was used by the German navy to line submariners’ boots and to create felt. To achieve that victory Germany mustered over three million men, the largest invasion force in the history of warfare to that point. Three army groups set out for three different targets, Army Group North heading for Leningrad, Army Group Centre aiming for Moscow, and Army Group South heading for Kyiv.